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Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- manwitch, 16:11:59 05/11/02 Sat

First a question: The sound cut out on my TV for the last line of the scene between Spike and Clem. Can anyone tell me what Spike said to him right before it cuts to the heist?

Now an interpretation that not everyone will or should agree with. I think it was Angel vs Angelus who asked not too long ago whether or not Buffy was postmodernist. Without going into too much detail, the answer is yes.

Because of this, there are certain things the show will never ever advocate. The show will never suggest that exclusivity or cliques for any reason, even a clique of Buffy, Xander and Willow fighting the forces of evil, are preferable to open, inclusive communities whose participation is based only on an interest and willingness to participate.

The show will also never suggest that people are static, unchanging, condemned to forever be what they once were. People can change, and they always do.

So we know that the rejection of Anya and Spike was not a good thing. I don't mean rejecting him after he assaults her in the bathroom. I mean the years worth of rejections that came before. And we know that Spike is NOT forever condemned to be evil, nor is anya. He is not the same monster that slaughtered half of Europe. Xander is wrong. The point of their demonic side is not that they are bad and will always be that way.

Sometimes its important to remember that the show is not a plot driven contrivance like ER or The West Wing, which are all well and good for what they are. Its a collection of symbols that address how we, the viewers, actually live in the world, how we might live if we could shake off everyone else's vision of who we are and what we are to be. And in that sense, Buffy is the important one.

Buffy and Spike are through. There is simply no way that this show can have her "take him back." On a visual level, he sexually assaulted her in the most intimate room of her private home. No woman ever is or should ever feel responsible for that. Doesn't matter what they wear, what they said, or what they did in the past. Period. It would be an extremely unfortunate image if she allowed him back into her life any time soon.

That said, in this case Buffy is responsible. Not for Spike's assault, but for what is going to become of him. Personally I suspect Spike will be back as the devil incarnate. He is now fueled by the fires of self-loathing that only Lucifer himself has known before him. In an effort to prove or demonstrate his love, he violated the object of that affection, and expelled himself from its grace. And he knows both that this brutal rejection is unfair and that its his fault.

But, and this is the sad part, all Spike wanted was to be with her, to be part of her struggles, to be accepted in her circle and to have her acknowledge that he was worthy of it. People will argue with that and say, no spike wanted to bring her down. But he really didn't. He wasn't trying to kill her, wasn't trying to vamp her, and was prepared even to come to the aid of Willow and Xander when Buffy wasn't preseent. He was by no means the perfect guy, but Buffy had the chance to include him, the chance to "slay" him without slaying him. And then she would have truly been the transcendent slayer. But it looks like he's going to be a monster. And I still don't think that Buffy can just kill him. For Spike to be merely dusted would render the last five years of Buffy's life meaningless. Spike is her responsibility.

I'm still not sure Buffy is in her right mind, or being honest with herself about Spike. Trust like love, is not something one earns. It is given. That's why its trust. Its a form of faith in other people. Seeing Red made clear that Buffy didn't trust Willow enough to tell her, didn't trust Xander enough to tell him, and she doesn't trust Spike. And Dawn, at the end of entropy, said I know what its like to feel you have to hide, to have secrets. This "trust" issue is about Buffy's character, not Spike's worth.

So were the eggs in the crypt the symbol of creative rejuvenation that Buffy could have had with Spike but destroyed through her own denial? Or were they the seeds of the monstrosity that Buffy's continued relationship with Spike would have produced? I just can't accept the latter. Buffy doesn't have to marry Spike. They don't have to live happily ever after. She can even kill him if necessary. But, as Captain Kirk once said, "everybody's human." And so is Spike. And Anya. When you marginalize them you define the limits of your own humanity. Buffy dropped the ball with Spike. She's had a hard time of it. She's unhappy and confused, and she is fallible. But she will definitely bear the consequences of what happened between them. Since these are the episodes where we typically get our glimpse of the following season's big bad, I can only wonder if perhaps Spike will come back as the monster of monsters.

This season has supposedly been about growing up, or actually the refusal to do so. Growing up isn't just about being responsible for your decision, but also about attempting to earn the life you desire. Everyone on the show this year is mirroring Buffy. She doesn't want this life. She didn't ask for it. She wishes it was easier or somewhere else. And so do they all. They all want it to be easier. They want the love but not the pain, not the work. But you get the life you get. That's the existentialist part. If you want something different, you better make it yourself, not just expect it to be different because you're wishing, and not just thinking you can cut corners or find some easy path, winning the lottery as it were. You do the work, and you take responsiblity for your actions, and if you're lucky then maybe you get some reward that falls far short of your original dreams. But its better because its really yours.

Buffy has waited a long time to recognize this, and she and those around her are losing their way as a result. What matters isn't that Willow has turned to the dark side, but what will Buffy do about it. Its nice and all that Warren will get the horrendous treatment he deserves without Buffy being demeaned, but the fact that Willow is lost to us really makes Warren that much more despicable. He wins even as he loses. Its Buffy's responsibility to make something good come out of that, to ensure that the moment Willow seized in Welcome to the Hellmouth wasn't the moment that destroyed her life and forfeited her future.

Oh well, a brilliant episode like that sparks a lot of thoughts, but I must now channel my sparks in the direction of the grill.

[> Great post! -- Dariel, 17:18:19 05/11/02 Sat

I'm afraid you're right about Spike's direction in season 7. The cherished belief that he would never hurt Buffy, a belief that sustained him against his dismal existence, is gone.The only thing that might save him is Buffy's forgiveness. Not saying she should forgive him; just that if he sinks back into evil, that might be the only thing to reach him.

[> [> Re: Can't answer this cause it would includes spoilers -- Rufus, 20:22:42 05/11/02 Sat

I wouldn't jump to any conclusions about how Buffy feels about Spike, or that she would be unable to forgive him.

[> Re: Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- Cactus Watcher, 17:18:23 05/11/02 Sat

Clem - Hey! Come on now, Mr. Negative. You never know what's just around the corner. Things change.

Spike (sarcastically) - Yeah, they do! Ha! ...(Something occurs to him and his expression changes) If you make them!

[> Re: Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- gabby, 18:58:52 05/11/02 Sat

Please, Spike doesn't have to become a monster because Buffy spurned him, that would be a immature action and one clearly of his own making and responsibility. If I get burned by someone I can get mad, stamp my feet, whatever, but coming back for revenge or to hurt that person physically and emotionally would be of my own choosing, blaming the person who hurt me for my downward personal destruction is a cop out and a poor excuse. We mostly do what we do by choice not because someone else made us.

[> Re: Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- celticross, 20:40:09 05/11/02 Sat

Excellent post, manwitch, with some points raised that have helped me clarify my opinions on Buffy's behavior this season. I have not liked the way she has acted, and as many have pointed out, she has been through a great deal. But no matter how low she feels, how depressed, how disconnected from the world, she is still responsible for what she does. How we feel does not excuse how we behave. Buffy's sense of loss and isolation does not excuse her using Spike anymore than Spike's feelings for her excuse his actions in the bathroom scene. Willow's desire to keep things happy in her relationship with Tara does not excuse her use of memory spells on her lover, and Xander's fear of the future does not excuse leaving Anya at the alter. I just hope the Scoobies realize that they've all done wrong to each other.

[> Re: Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- Grant, 00:04:05 05/12/02 Sun

While I agree with a lot of your post, I must disagree with its beginning. BtVS is definitely not postmodernist. Based on your argument, I'm pretty certain the only reason you felt it is postmodernist is due to a mistaken definition of postmodernism.

Postmodernism is a philosophy that says that it is impossible to distinguish which rival interpretation is the true one. Thus there no longer is any Truth, but a lot of truths, each of which is equally valid. On a purely theoretical level, this idea is somewhat interesting. It is, after all, quite easy to argue away just about any independent standard for determining the Truth one could come up with. However, once you actually think about what this doctrine actually means on a practical level it becomes a lot more difficult to support. In declaring that every viewpoint is equally valid, postmodernism also declares every viewpoint equally invalid. And you no longer have to even work to come up with the truth. I could declare that the complete works of Shakespeare are a secret code that describes oncoming Martian invasion, and according to postmodernism I would be right because there is no objective way to determine that my interpretation is incorrect.

Right after you state that BtVS is postmodernist, you write, "Because of this, there are certain things the show will never ever advocate." This is actually the exact opposite of postmodernism, which declares that everything should be advocated equally. You then write, "The show will also never suggest that people are static, unchanging, condemned to forever be what they once were. People can change, and they always do." I agree with that, and I think that the fact that you use it as evidence of postmodernism it is a good illustration of where most people get confused when it comes to that philosophy.

Postmodernism does not assert that we don't yet know what the Truth is and thus a rival interpretation might actually turn out to be the Truth. It asserts that there is no objective Truth and thus all rival interpretations are equally the truth. The idea that the world is a dynamic place where we must work to find out the Truth far predates postmodernism. Ever since the days of the Ancient Greeks we have clear evidence of humans debating over what the Truth is. And this attitude is clear in BtVS. Buffy and the other characters fight for Good against Evil, even though they aren't quite always sure of what it means to fight for Good. They have their own arguments over what is the Truth, but they never assert that there is no Truth. It doesn't matter what his motivations or that there is no objective standard, the Master was wrong in trying to open the hellmouth. Faith had a lot of bad breaks in her life, but she was wrong in going over to the dark side. The Scooby gang is open for a debate on what is Right and Good and all that, but in the end they know that there must be a Right and a Good and a Truth or else the debate is useless.

[> [> Common misconceptions: Why Buffy is Postmodern -- manwitch, 06:57:06 05/12/02 Sun

It is a common misconception about postmodernism that it argues that "there is no truth," or that "one truth is as good as another." This is absolutely not what postmodernism argues.

The "critique of truth," as it is called, which is only a fraction of what postmodernism contains and is about, argues that all truth claims are mediated through language and therefore historically and culturally contingent and indeterminate. Truth is therefore never absolute. Because the truth claim depends on words whose relationship to their referents is arbitrary and forever changing and in fact depends on other words and concepts for their meanings. In addition, any truth claim is made within a community, a community that can also be understood to be linguistically based anad that will have its own rules and criteria for making and judging truth claims. Postmodernism does not argue that there is no meaning or that there are no criteria for judging truth claims in the extremely local and impermanent human communities in which the claim is made.

Postmodernism is really a set of critiques of modern culture, critiques that are so emphatic that they suggest that the world we live in is no longer "modern." Hence the name. But it isn't simply a philosophy or a theory. Its the intellectual grounding for the left-wing opposition movement that has supplanted Marx. And its basis is in Nietzsche, and particularly his views on language and discursive processes.

So Postmodernism isn't just the set of critiques but also a set of reccomendations for how we might better live. These include value your local interpersonal relationships over the impersonal claims of grand narratives of human elevation or empowerment, such as the French Revolution Narrative or Enlightenment Narrative of human elevation through the advancement of Reason, or the Hegel Narrative of human elevation through the emancipation of the human spirit or the Marx Narrative of human elevation through the emancipation of the working subject or the Smith Narrative of the elevation of humanity through the accumulation of wealth.

The reccommendations also include creating new institutions, non-hierarchical institutions that are based not on force or authority, but on an exchange of different skills, knowledge and energy. Also oppose the monolithic authoritarian istitutions that would claim to be elevating humanity but in fact exist to monitor and narrow human experience. In art, these institutions will be represented as Government, Law Enforcement, Hospitals, Schools, the Military, The Master/Apprentice, the Patriarchal Family.

Since Postmodernism recognizes the linguistic basis of all things meaningful, it advocates using language differently. Say new things. Use language to break out of the constraints that it imposes on our conceptual and interpretive frameworks.

Postmodernism argues that scientific knowledge is simply one set of knowledge, not the set, and in fact, not the most important set. Other types of knowledge that science would not even recognize as knowledge are equally important and equally meaningful to the human experience.

Postmodernism believes that individuality is yet another monitoring tool of the forces that would dominate us. We are led to believe that we are individuals, and our individual identity becomes the "permanent record" of who we are, where we have been, made up of our test scores, certifications and whatever other paperworks have been bestowed upon us. But in reality, the postmodernists argue, our identities are interconnected. Since they are linguistically based it matters who we talk to, how we talk to them, how they talk about us, how language about ourselves travels through us and through others. Consequently Postmodernism argues for what Foucault calls "de-individualization." To take away the unit of measure that the State depends on for controlling us and recognize that identity is not static and never located in one place, to realize that identities come from complex and ever changing relationships to ourselves and to others and that we will not stay the same.

And because, as Derrida points out, the meanings of words exist outside of the words themselves, and because, as Foucault and Lyotard have argued, our identity exists outside ourselves, postmodernism vehemently rails against exclusion, and passionatley calls for the incorporation of "otherness" into ourselves. It strongly reccomends that we stop seeking what is normal, that we recognize "normalization" itself is a tool of domination that would narrow and constrain our experience, and to instead open up to the world of difference and possibility.

I think that all of these critiques and reccomendations are manifested in Buffy over and over again. More often than not, when Buffy is called to fight the Big Fight, she declines. In Prophecy Girl, she quits the Council's Mission and says screw the big prophecy. She's not part of that. It is Willow's tears, LOCAL, that bring Buffy back to the struggle. She's not doing it for the Grand Narrative, she's doing it for her freinds, to make the world theirs again. Xander makes sure that we recognize and understand this point moments later when, after Jenny says, "Aren't we forgetting something? The Apocalypse" (or something like that) and he responds "I don't care. I have to help Buffy. The point is that this is not the World Mission. This is the my loved ones mission. The show regularly illustrates opposition to the Grand Narratives in this way.

It also shows it in the undermining of the institutions of the Grand Narratives. The Master/Apprentice institution in Season 1, the institution of the Watcher's Council and its authority over her (notice that whenever Giles comes at Buffy in his "official" Watcher's Council role she undercuts him, sometimes quite literally taking his legs out from under him with a staff. But if he comes to her as a knowledgeable and loving friend, she looks up to him), the instution of the School or the College throughout the entire series, the institution of the Mayors office (Season 3), the institution of law enforcement a number of times, the institution of the military (Season 4), of the Science Laboratory (Season 4), the institution of the Hospital (Season 5), of hierarchical organized religion (in Seasons 4 and 5) and any patriarchal institution that comes within six feet of her. She rejects, demolishes or overcomes ALL of them by creating her own institution of the Scoobies, an institution that is not based on hierarchy, but on a willingness to participate and to bring what you have to the community. It is interesting to note that the only big bad Buffy faced in seasons 1-5 that was not represented by a hierarchical institution was the somewhat anarchic group of Spike, Dru and Angel. And they alone among Buffy's big bads are ALL STILL LIVING.

The shows use of language is brilliantly postmodernist, both in its use of words and in its suggestion of discursively based identities and institutions. There is a discourse to being a scooby, Tara is accutely aware of it when she is not part of it. Anya is corrected on it over and over again (normalization! uh-oh!).

The entire series is about the value of mystic and spiritual forms of knowledge, and that what we "know" to be true is not. And Science is not the answer. Season 4 makes abundantly clear that in the battle for turf between scientific knowledge and "other" knowledge, other wins. The Scientists can only create the monster Adam. They don't know what to do with him. To defeat Adam requires mystical knowledge, and, oddly enough, a spell of "de- individualization."

And of course, one of the major and continuing themes of the series is about overcoming exlusion, overcoming the state of being the outcast, including otherness and rejecting normalcy.

Buffy shows us how to do it. She shows us how to live without hierarchy, without the need to lead or the desire to be led, without being crushed by the weight of other people's knowledge and expectations, refusing to participate in institutions of domination, and yet never stepping back, never leaving the fray, never giving up.

Remember, the fight of good vs. evil sounds a bit like a Grand Narrative. There is nothing good or evil but that thinking makes it so. And as Nietzsche points out, we all have some demon in us. "Though we condmen the evils of our past, we cannot escape the fact that we spring from them." And he reminds us in an aphorism that I think is quite appropriate to Buffy, "Be careful lest in casting out your demons you cast out the best thing that's in you."

Buffy's struggle is beyond good and evil.

Its a spectacular postmodern culture crit through and through, and that's why its the best show, in my opinion, in the History of Television, and why it is significantly superior to Bonanza.

[> [> [> Truly Excellent -- Rob, you might want to use this for your site........., 08:10:51 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> Re: Common misconceptions: Why Buffy is Postmodern -- DEN, 08:17:59 05/12/02 Sun

An excellent analysis, convincing generally and in detail. May I add to the list of deconstructed hierarchies the one portrayed in the opening scenes of s6, when Willow's attempt to be "boss of us" in the cemetery generates comedic chaos (the last honest laugh of the season, IMO!).

[> [> [> Re: Common misconceptions: Why Buffy is Postmodern thank you excellent post -- zooey, 11:48:46 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> Yes.... except... -- Liz, 12:24:50 05/12/02 Sun

I agree completely about that post (or most of it I can't recall every word). I did not really have a definition of "postmodern" but I did see all of those institutions and how they were viewed by the characters and by the show itself. It was one of those things I really liked about the show.

(stands behind riot shield)
That's one of the things I find missing in the 6th season. And I really miss it. It's one of those things that subtly makes the 6th season disheartening for me.

Emma Goldman, an American anarchist philosopher and activist, was a believer in communism. Then she went to Russia to see the communist revolution, and encountered Stalinist Russia. When she expressed her horror at what Stalin was doing, he said, "Grow up."

Anarchism is for childish dreamers. This is the real world. In 3rd season we have Buffy fight her way out of an industrial factory hell with a hammer and sickle. We have her summing the place up as, "You work us until we're too old and then you just spit us out." In 6th we have Anya chirping about the tools of capitalism, and Buffy looking defeated in her Doublemeat Palace uniform, saying, "So that's why I feel like a tool." And everyone says how adults have to do the hard things and work and bring home the money, and they congratulate the show on it's maturity. Now it's real, now it's adult. And if you mourn the lost fantastical elements and humor then you're shallow, and if you mourn the lost themes then it's "Oh, grow up."

The first post of this said that Buffy was postmodern, and therefore there are certain things that it will never advocate. I don't believe that is true. Not that I think it's likely to advocate those things listed (although we seem to be headed towards both). But I think people aren't paying attention to themes anymore.

Buffy was not only not totally plot-driven, it was also not totally character-driven. It was theme-driven, and experience-driven. Ok, I'm making up words here, but I think there is a difference between experience-driven and character-driven. With the character one, you are making a coherent story surrounding what a character would do next. With the experience one, you're taking a situation that you want to explore and then you're putting your complex character into it and seeing what will happen next, what his or her previous personality will do with that situation and how he or she will come out of it afterwards. It's a different thing, and I think it leads to richer characters.

I think right now we're character-driven and a little bit plot-driven. I just think that is they're thinking right now as they write the story. And they could go like that for quite a while because they're got lots of steam built up from their developed characters. But I miss what's lost. You don't have to miss it, but it's just what I happened to like about the show. Maybe that's why some people like 6th even better than before, and some don't.

But you can't have it both ways. If you love all those things that people have labeled "postmodern", you can't tell me that they're still here.

[> [> [> [> This isn't quite the way I would have expressed it -- matching mole, 12:35:26 05/12/02 Sun

but it sums up a lot of my feeling about season 6 (although I would rank Doublemeat Palace as one of my favourite episodes of the year to date).

[> [> [> 'mazing post, thanks for making me understand a bit of what post-modernism means :) -- Etrangere, 13:41:28 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> Why Buffy is Not Postmodern -- Grant, 15:03:22 05/12/02 Sun

You start out by stating, “It is a common misconception about postmodernism that it argues that "there is no truth," or that "one truth is as good as another." This is absolutely not what postmodernism argues.” Unfortunately, this completely contradicts the entire rest of your argument, as even you go on to admit that this is a portion of postmodernism. This “critique of truth” is the foundation of postmodernism, and I think if you reread your post you will see that you fully admit this. It is impossible to accept the postmodernist criticism without accepting the idea that there is no Truth, and the idea that there is no Truth is itself impossible to accept.

Unfortunately for the postmodernists, science completely destroys the foundation of their argument. In science, there are objective facts that can’t be refuted by word games. Chemistry may be populated mostly with white males, but that doesn’t change the fact that there are six protons in a carbon atom. And two plus two equals four no matter how phallocentric arithmetic is. This is why postmodernism has been so vehement in its criticism of science, because science has created a logical and objective system of determining the Truth that completely undermines postmodernism.

You can argue all you want about the merits of postmodernisms critique of science, but I think that Alan Sokal pretty much put the issue to rest. And no matter what the postmodernists say, scientists continue to figure things out and make really cool gadgets. Sure, in the Buffyverse it is fun to see magic triumph over the abuse of science, but in the real world I have never seen David Blaine produce anything particularly useful for society. On the other hand, the only reason we can even have this conversation is because of computers, an entirely scientific invention.

The other major problem with the postmodernist doctrine/philosophy/whatever is that people want normalcy. Normalcy is not thrust upon them by an oppressive hierarchy, as postmodernism maintains, but rather assumed by the people. That is why people build communities that share a set of values and, in many cases, a hierarchy, because they know that in this community they can have the normalcy they desire. The Scooby gang is one such community. It has a normalcy, a hierarchy, and an exclusiveness, so how does it support postmodernism?

Indeed, your argument on the postmodernist nature of BtVS misses a number of important components in the series that directly refute it. Primarily, the fact that Buffy and the Scooby gang are portrayed as the heroes fighting for good is very non-postmodernist. If BtVS were truly a postmodernist show, than Buffy and the Scoobies would be seen as a force that oppresses the vampires and the demons in the interest of preserving the human hegemony over the world. They would not be fighting for Good, but rather for a conception of “good” that preserve the status quo from which they derive their power. This is obviously not the case.

Further evidence is also apparent that Buffy is far from motivated by mere local interests. You correctly point out that it is Willow that encourages Buffy to go to the Master, but you are wrong in claiming that her motivation is thus entirely local concerns about her friends. Instead, the conversation with Willow serves to remind her that she has a mission, and that she cannot turn her back on it. This is clear when Buffy goes to tell Giles that she will go face the Master. Giles has decided to “defy prophecy.” Buffy counters this not by stating that she has to do this for Willow, but by saying, “That's not how it goes. I'm the Slayer.” This is her affirming her role as the Slayer and her place in the Mission.

The end of season two is particularly strong in portraying Buffy as playing a role in a larger conflict. Whistler is the closest thing we ever get to the voice of the forces of Good, and he is actually a proponent of individualization. He asserts that there are big moments in our lives, that our lives are plot driven contrivances, in a manner of speaking, and it is our individual reactions to these moments that makes us who we are. When Buffy tells him that she is tired of fighting by herself, he responds with: “In the end, you're always by yourself. You're all you got -- That's the point.” To him, fighting the good fight is about restraint and exclusion; what you are willing to give up is a more important question than what you are willing to do.

Her climactic fight with Angel is a major continuation of these themes. When Angel has her backed into a corner, he taunts her by asking, “That's everything, huh? No weapons, no friends. No hope. Take all that away and what's left?” Buffy’s response is simply, “Me,” a clear assertion of individualization. This assertion leads Buffy to her victory in the fight, but then she is presented with a horrible choice. She must either kill her soulmate, who is essentially an innocent in this, or condemn the world to hell. She chooses the world, knowing that she has to make a huge sacrifice for the sake of the world.

After this fight, Buffy decides that living in this world and this order is too painful. So, she runs off to LA and abandons both her calling and her friends. However, she quickly comes to realize that she cannot abandon her role in life and simply escape from the world. The crucial component of this occurs in the hell dimension, where Buffy once again asserts both her identity as and individual and her place in the world. She is not just Buffy Summer, she is Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and she has a mission in life and a role to play.

Two notable characters, Faith and Spike, also represent a distinctively anti-postmodern slant. Faith’s decision to ignore the rules of society and follow her own mantra of “Want, Take, Have” is the first step in her journey to the dark side. On the other hand, her redemption only occurs when she decides to willingly submit herself to society’s rules and a distinctively hierarchical institution like Justice system. Faith could easily have escaped at the end of “Sanctuary,” and she could also escape from prison after that, but her decision to accept these rules even though they are contrary to her own benefit and she could easily escape from them is the best sign that she is on the road to redemption.

Spike is another case of a character dealing with redemption. For him, redemption only began when the chip in his head forced him to accept the rules of society. This serves as the first step on his redemption, but Spike is still a long way from being redeemed. His chip has now become an obstacle to his redemption, because it is impossible to know whether he truly is willing to live by the rules and be good or whether an electronic leash in his head is making him be good and live by the rules. That seems to be the motivation behind his decision to get his chip removed. Although you have argued that he will come back the monster of monsters, I believe that the opposite will happen. I think Spike will try to prove to Buffy and the Scoobies that he can be good without the chip making him. Thus it will be his willingness to play by the rules without the chip that will serve as the next major component in Spike’s redemption, a redemption that could not occur unless Spike does follow the rules of a hierarchical society.

It seems to me that rather than postmodernism the main theme of BtVS is sacrifice. Buffy is a hero when she decides to sacrifice herself and her interests for the world and for others, such as when she went to face the Master knowing she would die, when she killed Angel to stop Acathla, or when she killed herself in order to save both the world and her sister in “The Gift.” Meanwhile, there have been many times when she has acted selfishly, and this has lead to disaster. The best example of this is in the season three episode SChoices.” Buffy decides to base her decision making on her own self interest, her desire to escape her role and go off to college, and this cause Willow to be captured. She then trades back the Box of Gavrok for Willow. The benefits of this trade have and will be debated, but the end result is that she traded the life of her friend for the lives of Larry, Harmony, and every other student or parent who died during the ascension.

Season six has also had a strong connection to this theme of sacrifice as a component of growing up. In order to grow up, Willow must forsake her connection to magic, which has become something of an addiction for her. She must restrain herself in this area and sacrifice her magic ability in a manner that goes against her own self-interest, and she must do all of this for the sake of others, like the friends her magic use was hurting and her lover Tara. Buffy, meanwhile, has tried to ignore her role in life again because life is so painful. This has lead to its share of problems, most of which seem to have been answered by her decision to leave the happiness of the Normal Againverse and take her role back in the real world. In this decision, Buffy is sacrificing her happiness to help others, but it is clearly the right decision.

I could go on with many other examples, but I have faith that I have provided enough evidence. The point is that there is a strong component of individualism in BtVS. And though the show does go after some hierarchies, it is not entirely anti-hierarchy. The Scooby gang is one hierarchy that is not seen as a bad force, and most of the components of our hierarchical society are taken as important guidelines for human actions. And the central and most constant theme in the show has been about taking your proper place in society and sacrificing yourself for the sake of that society.

So does Buffy have components that are postmodernist? Yes. But does it present an overall postmodernist vision? No. With postmodernism, you have to accept the entire theory. Being part postmodernist is like being part pregnant, it just doesn’t work that way. There are themes and occurrences in BtVS that fit with the postmodernist theme, but they are used to present a whole that is decidedly not postmodernist.

[> [> [> [> Re: Why Buffy is Not Postmodern -- Dochawk, 16:00:55 05/12/02 Sun

When I read the original post, I knew I didn't agree, but it was a gut instinct, not knowing anywhere near enough about this particular philosophy. I did know that Buffy was about choices to a much greater degree than the original author gave it. Thank You for writing this. Its excellent and makes me more comfortable.

[> [> [> [> Why science and postmodernism are closer than we might think -- Sophist, 18:37:20 05/12/02 Sun

I want to say that the posts by Grant and manwitch are both spectacularly good. I wanted to add some comments about areas in which I think the two sides are closer than may appear from these posts.

Let's start with the notion of Truth. By philosophical convention, going back to Plato, we capitalize this (or any other term such as Beauty) when we mean to designate something eternal, perfect, unchanging. A claim that there is such a thing as Truth is a claim that knowledge can be certain, perfect, complete. By contrast, truth with a small "t" means that the truth is contingent and subject to change.

It is true that postmodernism rejects the notion of Truth. So does science. Science does this because all scientific truths (note the small "t") are subject to falsification (there are other reasons too; I'm simplifying). In principle, every scientific theory or statement of fact could be disproved. As a practical matter, some statements made by science are so well established that the idea that they could be controverted is wildly implausible. But no scientist should ever claim that some truth is eternal.

Now let's talk about establishing these contingent truths. Postmodernism refers to these as socially constructed. Science says that theories and statements of fact must be subject to verification, and that the experiments to verify them must be repeatable. In other words, and in the best cases, multiple experimenters must agree on the same results. This strikes me as awfully similar to the postmodern concept of socially constructed truth. In this case, it is the community of scientists which agrees upon the "truths".

There are many areas where science and postmodernism have no overlap at all. For example, science has nothing that I know of to say about moral absolutes (e.g., adultery is a sin). It does, however, teach us to be skeptical about any claim of Truth. If postmodernism does the same that seems beneficial to me.

At bottom, however, we need to recognize that science is much less open ended than some formulations of postmodernism seem to be. Science may not be able to establish Truth or even "truth", but it certainly can disprove some statements. When it does so, all the postmodernists in the world can't reconstruct Humpty Dumpty. And I wouldn't recommend treating gravity as a socially constructed truth either.

[> [> [> [> [> Excellent post -- matching mole, 20:06:44 05/12/02 Sun

I like your use of truth and Truth. One of my problems in following these discussions is the use of language. During his posts I often having the experience of following manwitch thinking 'yeah this makes sense' and 'I'll buy that' and all of a sudden there'll be a statement that absolutely floors me usually having to do with science and truth (or Truth). If I interpret the words the way I would use them then they seem outrageous. But perhaps they're not.

For me there is only one truth (or Truth). That truth is the physical reality of the universe, the relationships between matter and energy and their constructs. Science is attempting to get at this truth. The scientific model of physical reality is tentative certainly but far more objective than any other model of the truth (in the very limited sense that I am using it) and thus, in my humble opinion vastly more likely to resemble actual physical reality than other systems of thought.

Truth in any sense that includes values or morality is a social construct (again in my opinion). Science tells us nothing about this kind of truth (which is not the same thing as saying that scientists shouldn't think about it).

[> [> [> [> Re: Why Buffy is Not Postmodern -- J, 09:14:12 05/13/02 Mon

It is impossible to accept the postmodernist criticism without accepting the idea that there is no Truth, and the idea that there is no Truth is itself impossible to accept.

Uh . . . can't agree. To argue that there is no meta- narrative Truth is not the same thing as arguing that statements have no truth value within certain situations. You're conflating the two. And your statement that science destroys critiques of truth-claims as situated has little to do with postmodernism and far more to do with some notion of empiricism as the fount of knowledge. But it's been clear for centuries that plain empiricism is a dead end -- check out Hume's critique of causation and Kant's attempts at reconciling western thought in the Critique of Pure Reason. The battle of "truth" v. "Truth" was fought long before the advent of postmodern thought.

[> [> [> [> Some follow-up, SPOILERS through Bargaining -- manwitch, 19:05:26 05/13/02 Mon

Hmmm. It comes off almost as though you don't think Buffy is postmodern.

Fine. As I said in the original post, and should have said repeatedly in the second one, this is an interpretation that not everyone will or should agree with.

But, after reading your post and the responses to it, and after re-reading mine as you suggested, I have some questions for you. They might take me a while to get to, sorry.

When you talk about Buffy, rather than the postmodernism issue, I agree with much of what you say, although not all. This is interesting to me because it suggests that postmodernism itself is the issue, rather than different views of Buffy. You and I clearly disagree about truth. My claim is that to argue for the linguistic constitution of truth is not the same as to deny truth or say that all truths are equally valuable. You seem to either refuse to accept the distinction, or perhaps feel that denying all truth is sort of the necessary reductio ad absurdum result, so the distinction is meaningless.

To you, this denial of truth is the basis of postmodernism and therefore the whole theory is problematic. I see the basis of postmodernism in its critique of language and that the other positions I described in the earlier post all arise naturally from that critique. And I don't see why one has to have the whole kit and kaboodle. Like any intellectual offering (and unlike pregnancy), one can take what works and discard what doesn't at any time.

So I guess my question is this. You've made clear why you don't think Buffy is postmodern, but I'm curious as to why its important. I recognize that its not really a fair question. It seems important to you that Buffy not be seen as postmodern. And its not just you, either. People frequently react that way to postmodernist interpretation or even just to the word itself. No one bristles at the suggestion that Buffy might be acting out the Persephone myth or that it has parallels to Middlemarch, but say its postmodernist and look out. Its just another interpretation, and it can yield some very interesting and enriching insights.

My own experience back when was that a lot of people use the lingo of postmodernism to be real cool and to make other people feel like they don't know what's going on. I personally don't care for that attitude and I try to present postmodernism in an open and inclusive way. (My apologies if I am failing to do that.) Also in my experience, postmodernism is viewed as an extremely negative philosophy. I would argue that it is in fact empowering and optimistic. I find Buffy empowering and optimistic precisely because of what I see as its postmodern bent.

As far as Buffy goes, my only real disagreement with you is that the Scoobies are exclusive or hierarchical. While they have been at times, I think that has been when they have not been at their best. I think the show made a deliberate attemtp to emphasize that in the beginning of Season 6, as DEN has described. By Willow questioning who was the leader, and by having a vote to establish it and by having a plaque to certify it, Willows approach to the scoobies is extremely different and deliberately contrasted to Buffy's model of total self-sacrifice and inclusion. This is further illustrated by Willow's position atop the tomb in the opening scenes of Bargaining, overlooking them all and giving them instructions by invading their very brains.

I certainly don't mean to say that Buffy doesn't exhibit leadership, but she rarely forces her leadership on those who do not want to participate. Again, contrast this to Willow in Bargaining.

I don't disagree at all about the idea of sacrifice or personal choice. I don't see those as incompatible with the postmodernist view I articulated. I don't believe, however, that the basis of her decision-making process is righteousness. Xander is more the voice of righteousness, and he's frequently wrong when he's being righteous. Buffy's decision making comes from love and compassion, and not just a general love and compassion for all things, but specifically for the people in her life.

Does she have a mission? Yes. Is it the same mission that the Watcher's Council laid out for her? No way. Is it the same mission the First Slayer had? Buffy sure doesn't think so. Her speech to the first slayer at the end of Restless is, to me, the perfect illustration of what Foucault calls "epistemic ruptures," a total transformation of meaning and context while the words and ostensible referents seem unchanged. Yes they are both Slayers, and yes, being the Slayer seems to mean the same thing, but they are very different. And its not just a difference in personality. Its a deliberate and sharp laceration of historical continuity. Yes she's from a long line of slayers, but its not the same thing anymore. There is no long line of Slayers like Buffy.


Anyways, take it for what you will. I am just curious as to why it sounds like a Postmodern Buffy would be demeaning to the show. My apologies if I have you wrong.

Oh, and you did say something about If Buffy was postmodernist they would oppress the vampires and secure human hegemony. I don't get that. Postmodernism tends to be anti oppression and anti-totalitarian. If Buffy were truly postmodern, they would let some of the vampires go, and even let some of them participate in Scooby-dom. Or, if they didn't, consequences would result that would demonstrate that an error was made.

I don't have the energy to go into the science question right now, and I'm sure few would have the energy to read it if I did. But to the degree that science uses language to describe its theories, methods, equipment, discoveries, communities, etc., it doesn't refute postmodernism but is rather subject to the same critique of language that everything else is. The fact that people can make a space ship or a hydrogen bomb, doesn't mean that they aren't social constuctions. Conversely, the fact that the meaning of something is socially constructed, doesn't mean it isn't real. Sometimes I think people are afraid that postmodernism means that all their furniture is about to disappear. No, it recognizes that you have a computer and that the computer does things. But it argues that the meaning of that computer, what it does, how its used, is determined by human communities (and the language they use that both constrains and empowers them) within a limited space and time. In a thousand years, the computer won't mean what it does now. Nor will gravity. The social environments in which they operate and the communities to which they apply will be different, so the reality they address will be different. Their meaning, and in large measure the reality that they address, will be socially constructed, as their meaning to us is now. Am I saying that it means we aren't really still on the planet as it hurtles through space? I don't think so.

[> [> [> can't think of the right word of praise, but... -- yuri, 17:46:12 05/12/02 Sun

it's so good to read some of your posts again. You're one of my favorite writers here, both because of your ability to explain, expound, and enlighten, and for the beautiful way you convey it all. Anyway, thanks for those posts. After those and some others on postmodernism I've read here, I think I can actually say I understand postmodernism. Well, understand is a strong word, I at least have a good idea of what people are constantly referring to when they use the word.

[> [> [> [> thanks for your very kind words -- manwitch, 05:44:50 05/14/02 Tue


[> want to read this post, but are the spoilers *past* SR? -- yuri, 15:56:21 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> Re: Nope -spoilers to SR only -- hoping, 16:05:52 05/12/02 Sun


[> Re: Questions and Interpretations (**Spoilers** and maybe a soap box or two) -- Ronia, 22:40:48 05/12/02 Sun

I enjoyed your post very much, and agreed with most of it. Just thought I'd throw a couple of ideas on the plate and see what happens when people pick at them...

Buffy seemed a tad uncomfortable in gingerbread when the townfolk started making plans w/out her, but otherwise I'd mostly agree that they have welcomed individuals on a case by case basis who wanted to pitch in.

I definately agree that Buffy shares some responsibilty for Spike's state of mind (not his actions) even minutes before "the scene"..she just keeps slamming the doors in his face, not validating his feeling, not even letting him finish a thought without interruption...ever met anyone who does this? Did you successfully repress the urge to whap them over the head with something blunt (like a tree)?

I also liked your statement about Buffy's trust issues, and I might go so far to say that they are maybe less trust issues, than control issues. Buffy has taken control of every conversation, every argument, every relationship.... except for some reason Spike...and Angel... seem not to be (in earlier years) so much affected by the world according to Buffy. It is clear that she has trusted him and others, but has she allowed them a measure of control? Not on your life. And what did they do? The resurrected her from the dead, they took her BANG and made it a whimper. She was this great icon, this supreme warrior, and now she works a Mcjob with no future and no control in sight. For a control freak like Buffy, this must be a rude awakening indeed, and not one she is likely going to forgive easily whether she is aware of it or not. I think that part of her separation from her former bud's is self protective. I'll help you, but you do not have the number for my inner man. The other thing that strikes me is that they have delivered her into pretty much the same situation that she left, none of the things afflicting her now (winces because someone is sure to come up with at least one thing..) are the result of her death. I know that none of these thoughts take into consideration the other characters developements, just focussed on Buffy tonight. Any thoughts?


On the state of Angel's mind -- RichardX1, 18:52:43 05/11/02 Sat

In one thread, someone asked how Spike would be judged if he became human and got his soul back--if we would be entitled to just blame the demon. I thought this sounded just like Angel's moral quandary, then I noticed the "became human" part, and it made me realize some things about Angel's nature...

The demon is still there. He still has that dark side, which is proud of every foul act it ever committed. Half of him still feels no guilt over his past, and that's what torments him. It's not "His soul is in charge but there's a demon inside him"--his mind is getting spiritual-emotional input from two sources (the distinction between "mind" and "soul" has been implicitly expressed since Angel visited Pylea). He's simultaneously feeling all the normal human feelings for his friends and family, while at the same time feeling the urge to torment, destroy, and devour them all.

I'd say Angel's a champion just for being able to hold his sanity (at least until the hospital incident with Wesley).

[> Re: On the state of Angel's mind -- ApplePie, 19:33:22 05/11/02 Sat

I agree with with most of what you said, up to the last point.

"I'd say Angel's a champion just for being able to hold his sanity (at least until the hospital incident with Wesley)."

The hospital incident had nothing to do with the demon inside him. The demon would have no attachment to the baby so no grief at its lost. It was the HUMAN soul that encouraged Angel to act the way he did.

Not the demon, but the man.

[> [> Re: On the state of Angel's mind -- RichardX1, 10:05:48 05/12/02 Sun

I never said the demon made him attack Wesley. I just said that he snapped. And you're right: anyone else might have done the same. I was just saying that I'm impressed it hadn't happened sooner, under some previous mental-emotional pressure.

[> Re: On the state of Angel's mind -- yabyumpan, 08:23:38 05/12/02 Sun

"I'd say Angel's a champion just for being able to hold his sanity"
I totally agree. It does seem that because he is a "champion" that there is the expectation that he will respond to situations in a way that is "morally" better than other people (i.e. see DorN thread). I see that he is a champion, partly because of the work he does but also because every second, he's having to do battle with his "inner demon". He was cursed with a soul but the demon is still there, not only does he remember all the bad stuff that he's done and feel guilty but also he must remember and feel the pleasure of doing all that stuff. As we see in "real" life and also on the show, having a soul doesn't mean you automaticly do good. He has to make an active choice all the time not to give into his demon side (i.e. the blood drinking scene with Harmony in Disharmony).
People come down very strongly on him, both characters on the show and fans on the boards when he is less than heroic or just plain screwing up, but very rarely is he given credit for the good that he does or how difficult/conflicting it must be to do the good stuff. He could just walk away, be the manpire he was in 1952 and stay in his own private cell but he chooses not to walk away, he chooses to do good. That for me is why he is a champion and hero.

[> [> Re: On the state of Angel's mind and the minds of the others -- VampRiley, 11:39:19 05/12/02 Sun

People come down very strongly on him, both characters on the show and fans on the boards when he is less than heroic or just plain screwing up, but very rarely is he given credit for the good that he does or how difficult/conflicting it must be to do the good stuff.

I've noticed in real life that this is often the case. Like this one time, I was watching this talk show about mothers and fathers who were not together and they were going on about how some fathers don't help to take care of their kids. This one guy on stage said he did. The audience applauded and the woman who he had the kid with kept saying how she should't give him credit for that because that is what he's supposed to do. You shouldn't be given credit for being responsible and doing what you have to do. I forget the rest of the show, but I see this very often (this was the only time on real life tv that I saw this).

Many times I see where people are doing the right thing, but they never get credit for it or even a thank you. The ones in emergency rooms take care of people who come in: they take care of them, keep them alive, sometimes having to go to extraordinary lengths to keep them with us long enough to get them to the OR. Sometimes the ER people are the ones that do the things that keep them alive. If it wasn't for them, those people would be dead. They are real life savers. And the OR people come in and patch things up. But what often happens? The OR people get pretty much all the praise for saving their life. Duties in the ER are thanked, just not all of them.

I think that deep down, everyone of them is deeply afraid of Angel. They don't give him credit for being a good guy because that's what he's supposed to do. Being a good guy is supposed to be a thankless job. It makes them feel safe around him. But when he screws up, it re-instills their fear of him and to make themselves feel like they are safe again, they come down on him. Now, granted they are his friends and friends tell it to you straight to your face. I just feel that sometimes they do it too much. Feel free to disagree.

VR

[> [> [> Re: On the state of Angel's mind and the minds of the others -- oceloty, 01:22:47 05/13/02 Mon

I think that deep down, everyone of them is deeply afraid of Angel. They don't give him credit for being a good guy because that's what he's supposed to do. Being a good guy is supposed to be a thankless job. It makes them feel safe around him. But when he screws up, it re-instills their fear of him and to make themselves feel like they are safe again, they come down on him. Now, granted they are his friends and friends tell it to you straight to your face. I just feel that sometimes they do it too much.

Can I chime in to admire all of what you folks have said, but especially this?

In the context of the show, Angel's human soul is wrestling with a inner demon. I like the literal demon as a metaphor for the darker side of human nature, so that Angel is a walking dramatization of good vs. evil, battling inside the human heart.

In addition to everything you guys have said, I also think this metaphor could be part of the reason why people (both fictional characters and real-life viewers) are so hard on Angel. If I want to believe that people are fundmentally good and identify with Angel as symbolizing the conflict between good and evil, then it makes sense that I get upset when Angel screws up, because it symbolizes evil winning, when I want to believe it won't.

On a literal level, Angel making bad decisions can be very frightening. (Say, Forgiving.) Metaphorically, it's also scary to think, hey, maybe we're not as good as we thought. Seeing the dark heart of human nature -- that is truly disturbing, and I think that can make people flinch. Or respond irrationally (maybe unconsciously), by taking it out on poor Angel. Who, in the meantime, is doing his best not to eat us all.

[> [> [> [> "Doing his best not to eat us all" LOL! Great line! -- Scroll, 08:50:52 05/13/02 Mon


[> [> [> [> [> Aww, thanks. -- oceloty, 00:07:24 05/14/02 Tue

Hope I didn't beat that metaphor into too fine of a pulp.


Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- agent156, 20:29:19 05/11/02 Sat

After rewatching the ep "Darla" yesterday something came to me. Spike as he is in "Seeing Red" reminds me a lot of Darla, second human go.

Darla was brought back to life by Wolfram & Hart as a human. But she doesn't feel human. She may be alive and have a soul, but she still has all the memories and feelings of Darla the vampire. As she sees it her soul isn't something allowing her to live as a human, it is just something that is holding her back, keeping her from being the way she feels she should be. As long as she has it she is incapable of being a monster. So she doesn't feel human and isn't capable of being a monster. Sound familiar?

Spike is in a similar position. He has a chip that was inserted into his head against his will, just as Darla never chose, or would have chosen, to be given a soul. The chip just holds him back keeping him from acting in the way that he wishes. But it has not changed how he feels or his desires, it merely keeps him from being able to fulfill them. Just as Darla's soul hasn't changed her desires, only kept her from being able to act on them. Thus Spike doesn't feel human and he can't be a monster.

Both of them long to be back to the way that they were and for the same reason, it was easier. As a monster, there were no restraints on behavior, no remorse for actions. Everything was clear and easy. As Spike says to Clem "Everything used to be so clear. Slayer. Vampire. Vampire kills Slayer, sucks her dry, picks his teeth with her bones." Darla wants that as well. As she tells Angel, the only things to being alive are "pain and suffering and disease and death."

And interestingly enough I think both of them could learn to live as humans, if only they would allow themselves to. Darla has a head start and probably a slightly easier path to it since she already has a soul, but seeing as how it took Angel one hundred years and the intervention of Whistler to get him started to redemption it would still likely be really hard. Spike would have the harder path as he would have to make up for not having the things that a soul would provide, such as a conscience. But I think the fact that he is able to feel bad for what he did to Buffy after doing it, shows that the possibility for him to do so is there, even if extremely slim. Just because it's never been done before that we know of doesn't mean it couldn't happen. After all, don't they say that there's an exception to every rule? I'm curious though if each of their past experiences as humans affects their current choices to not attempt that path. Neither one of them exactly lived great lives and undoubtedly don't look back on them fondly.

So instead they both choose to go the same way, back to being a monster. Darla goes to Angel to try to get him to turn her and then to other vampires when he won't do it. Spike is leaving Sunnydale with the apparent intention of getting his chip removed to make him a true vampire once again. But the events following Darla being made back into a vampire led to her eventual redemption of sorts. She got to feel love and happiness through her baby, and was able to do the noble deed of sacrificing her own life so that her child would live. It seems a bit ironic that her becoming a vampire again, a very non-redeeming spot, would lead her to the redemption she didn't want back when she was in a good position to get it. Could this perhaps mean that Spike, despite having the possibility through his chip to follow the path to redemption, will be led to it or something similar by once again becoming a vampire?

[> Printing now.....get back to you later -- Rufus, 20:46:17 05/11/02 Sat


[> Great analysis, but... -- Vickie, 20:47:55 05/11/02 Sat

I really think Darla didn't choose to go back to being a vampire. My impression was that Angel had convinced her to remain human (with his support). She was just too weak and vascillating to resist Dru at all (as if she could have succeeded).

my $.02.

[> [> Re: Great analysis, but... -- agent156, 21:01:27 05/11/02 Sat

Yeah, right before she got turned she decided to stay human. I was referring to before then though when she was actively seeking out someone to turn her into a vampire. At that point she was making the same decision as Spike, to go back to being a monster.

[> Re: Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- shadowkat, 21:33:14 05/11/02 Sat

Great post btw - been thinking along similar lines. Except
i think they may go the opposite direction - make him human and possibly force him down the path Darla wasn't able to take.

I also think and this isn't a spoiler - b/c I really am spoil free after Seeing Red and the preview for next week, I think he may discover the chip is irrelevant. And what
has been happening is his choice. What he does with this information should be interesting.

He and Darla did live different lives though - he was younger than Darla when he was turned. Also he wasn't on his death bed. Another major difference is I don't believe he was living an unsavory or difficult life - we know so little. (I'm hoping ME is going to show us more in the next few episodes like they did with Angel in the whole Becoming - Amends arcs...but who can predict ME?)

This is what we do know:
1. He was a scholar and a bad poet (or so his peers believed) He prefered scholarly pursuites and poetry and romance and had no interest in violence. I think of him as a bit of a dreamer - what does Dru say "you walk in worlds
no one can imagine?"
2. He was infatuated with Cecily - notice I say infatuated, not love - Cecily clearly didn't appear to return it and he seemed to write poetry to her from afar. Now I could have misunderstood the scene, since she clearly recognizes him in OAFA - so if Halfrek is Cecily, maybe more is going on there? (Hmmm is something being planned on that score?)
3. He was close to his family and states Mother is expecting
me.

In no way did I get the feeling he had a bad human life. Dru just happened upon him during a weak moment and seduced him.

Darla - she was a prostitute and was dying of syphilus when the Master turned her and when Drusillia did. Her life was horrible. As she states - she wasn't a good person when she was alive - if anything she was pretty bad, just like Liam, its one of the reasons she turns him. Drusilla was a good person when she was alive and goes after someone similar to what she was in nature. The BIG difference is that Drusilla doesn't drive William insane first - like Angel drives Drusilla insane. Instead she just seduces him as Darla seduces Angel. The Master turns Darla and coaches her in his evil ways. When Dru does it, she's still a bit nuts.
Also Darla resisted being turned by Dru - so it was a rape, while she gave in to the Master. Just as Dru resisted being turned by Angel and it was a rape. I think that's important
for some reason.

The names also interest me. Angel hasn't kept his human name, he got rid of it. So did Darla - we don't know what her original name was. Not so Drusilla and Spike. While Spike did change his, he still is called Willaim by Buffy on more than one occassion. Why? Also why use William and Liam = both mean protector and are variations. Does JW
just have a love of the name William?

The characters of Spike and Darla have always fascinated me because of their greyness - I can't predict them. Also they were both the truth tellers. Angel and Dru tended to be a little crazy and into dreams, while Darla and Spike were pragmatists and tended to be upfront and forthright. They also questioned their lovers - much like Anya.

I have no clear idea where they are going with Spike, just hunches which I trust, b/c well I've been right on every single thing that's happened up to now. But his character never ceases to surprise me - partly because it is a combination of Victorian gentleman and chaotic emotional
demon. He always seems to be on the verge of losing control, going off the deep end or...and so did Darla in Ats.

So...you may be right, his arc may be Darla's. It certainly sounds more reasonable to me than manwitch's prediction below which gave me a headache.

Sorry for the rambling, tis late here and I keep getting kicked off. Hope made some sense.

[> [> Re: Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- agent156, 22:37:33 05/11/02 Sat

I will concede that Spike didn't have a bad life in the same sense that Darla did, but I think to him it was still something he looks back on unfavorably. His telling Buffy in FFL that he never really felt alive until he became a vampire hints to that.

I disagree on the name thing though. Spike did change his name. He even corrects Angelus when he calls him William. He doesn't want to be associated with that name anymore. I think the fact that William has stuck around at all is in reference to the rather humanness he has even as a vampire. As evidenced by the fact that the Judge could not burn him, Angelus has no humnaity in him, and as such his name of Liam has not followed him. But Spike, as the Judge pointed out and we have indeed seen, does still have some humanity in him. Spike did not choose to still go by the name of William, it just followed him after he assumed his new persona because unlike some other vampires he kept a bit of his humanity after being turned.

As for where they're going to take Spike I don't really know either. That was just some wild speculation of mine that seemed interesting since it would continue the parallel.

And I can't believe one of the greatest posters on this board liked my post. Thanks! That atleast means it was worthwhile to do it.

[> [> [> I Fail To See How It Is Possible to.... -- AngelVSAngelus, 10:07:27 05/12/02 Sun

feel remorse for a transgression if one doesn't have a conscience. Maybe this is my own short coming, but I was under the impression that a conscience what gives one the ability to have the empathy for other people necessary to feel remorse in the first place.
The writer's have really confuzzled me with this one, and maybe I'm being rigid in doing so, but I don't accept a creature that has been explained as NOT having a conscience before feeling remorse for a dastardly deed, not even against the one he loves. Love is amoral, IMHO.
People have pointed out that while Spike blames the chip for his remorseful feelings and not going through with Buffy's violation, that isn't possible. That, to me, is inconsistancy on their part, and while I still find it interesting to watch, I also find it disconcertingly distracting. It takes me out of the element of belief that I've had for the show for years.
It took Darla infection from her child's soul to feel any remorse, and Angel a soul as well. I still stand by not soul equals good, but soul equals capacity for empathy.

[> [> Re: Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- Rufus, 23:45:16 05/11/02 Sat

The names also interest me. Angel hasn't kept his human name, he got rid of it. So did Darla - we don't know what her original name was. Not so Drusilla and Spike. While Spike did change his, he still is called Willaim by Buffy on more than one occassion. Why? Also why use William and Liam = both mean protector and are variations. Does JW
just have a love of the name William?


Angel adopted the name his sister called him when he had her invite him into his parents house after he "died". It was a perverse tribute to the sister he killed. From the Prodigal...

Dad: “Be gone, unclean thing! A demon can not enter a home where it’s not welcome. He must be invited!”

Angel: “That’s true. - But I was invited.”

Angel looks to the doorway. His father turns and sees little Kathy slumped against the wall.

Dad: “Och!”

Angel: “She thought I returned to her - an angel.”


Darla is a bit of a different story. She was a prostitute who had enough going for her to have property, but what she couldn't have was the inclusion into polite society. She may not have been what people call a "good girl" but she was attempting to survive. Makes one wonder what you call the customers who left her alone to die of syphillis?

Then we get to William, I agree that maybe his family was a bit closer, but don't you find it odd that his mother was expecting him not his family? Also his resentment of the father figure in Tabula Rasa, that assumption that he hated his father.....I considered him to be either from a family with an absent or dead father. He made a specific point of changing his station, his name, to that of the lower class Spike persona. I highly doubt William the Bloody was a name he considers a compliment, but at least Buffy called him William. I think he had a bad life in that he was rejected by all of those in his class, doomed to a solitary life, until a certain dark beauty found him. Dru was smart to keep him "sane" someone in the pair had to have an idea of what was going on.

I've found both Spike and Darla to be rather predictable because they both did things in a pattern. Angelus changed his killing style because he wanted to make an artistic statement...plus kill-drain-dump has to become tedious. Spike killed for the prestige in numbers, when that tired him he resorted to killing Slayers to earn respect. He is kinda a trophy hunter of vampires. Darla tended to kill in a way similar to a hooker finding a customer, she resented men and tended to kill family units, perhaps because it was the thing she never could have in life, a family and good reputation. Even Angel knew where to look for Darla, she loved Missionaries.

It was Darla who said "what we once were informs all that we become" and she was right. The stuff from the vampires life becomes how they act out as demons. William was rejected, didn't measure up as a man, so he spends his unlife doing a version of "Look at me!" over and over again. Angelus kills purity and loving people because he resents their ability to enjoy life. Darla kills the image of what once vicimized her in life in the form of Johns and their families. Drusilla is the most unpredictable, but even she has a cause...she is attempting to rebuild the family Angelus took from her, transferring all her need to her vampire parents.

When vampires are made they lose their soul, the moral compass that once was directed to good is now pointed to evil. They feel good doing things that would have horrified them in real life, unless they were already sociopaths like Kralic, then hey!, it's just a party with more energy.

Now to redemption and Darla and Spike. One thing we have to remember is that redemption is an individual thing, there isn't only one path to it, something can happen that will turn someone in a new direction. For Darla it was the soul in her son, the soul that caused her to feel love, real love for the first time. For Spike, it could be something else, some event that is no way near the same as the soul Darla had temporary custody of. Is the chip a Jiminy Cricket to remove and squish, leaving Spike to again be a monster? Or, are the feelings Spike is following up on the need of finding a way to get Buffy to love him? Spike is feeling like nothing, he can't be either a monster or a man like he is now, he is caught between two worlds, unable to truly occupy either....his goodbye from the motorbike promised change, we can only guess how.

[> [> [> Rufus's thoughts on Spike; minor spoilers to SR, but mostly just very long and historically-minded -- (don't say i didn't warn you) - redcat, 04:57:41 05/12/02 Sun

Rufus - your perceptive comments and very enjoyable post got me thinking, so this loooong response post is partly your fault. ;)

You said: “Then we get to William, I agree that maybe his family was a bit closer, but don't you find it odd
that his mother was expecting him not his family? Also his resentment of the father figure in
Tabula Rasa, that assumption that he hated his father.....I considered him to be either from a
family with an absent or dead father. He made a specific point of changing his station, his
name, to that of the lower class Spike persona. I highly doubt William the Bloody was a name
he considers a compliment, but at least Buffy called him William. I think he had a bad life in
that he was rejected by all of those in his class, doomed to a solitary life, until a certain dark
beauty found him.”


I generally agree, and have what is actually just a small thing to add to this discussion, even
though it seems really long now that it’s all written out. It’s based on my reading of the
construction of William as a literary trope representing a certain recognizable historical
character type from the late 19th century. I know this might sound more than a bit lectury, but
I think there’s a value to injecting at least the broad outlines of the historical data into the
discussion.

Especially during the last two decades of the 19th century, a cluster of British and American
social and cultural commentators, ranging from clergymen to newspaper editors to educators
and academics in the newly-emerging professions of sexology, psychology and sociology, very
publically heralded a clarion call for public panic about the supposed “softening” of the male
citizens of the two respective nations. They were worried about something generally called
neurasthenia, a condition of “social nervousness” which manifested *in men* as the linked evils
of feminization, over-culturization and bureaucratization. Many commentators blamed these
symptoms on men’s supposed over-civilization by women, others on the creeping cultural
emasculation caused by the social effects of the industrial revolution on the (white) middle
class. A whole generation of Anglo-American men were supposedly afflicted, their cultural
type being represented in popular literature, sermons, editorials and “educational” tracts as the
overly-sensitive, romantic, non-athletic poet of the genteel middle class. Visual
representations of the neurasthenic male generally portrayed him as thin, slightly stoop-
shouldered, fussily-dressed, clean-shaven, wearing glasses, carrying a book, etc. A common
linked attribute of this type of character, especially in popular dramatic and comedic
representations, was his over-identification with a (usually- widowed but always over-protective)
mother and the real or implied absence of a strong father. While there were vigorous social
arguments about the *meaning* of the neurasthenic male (and his counterpart, the frigid and
infertile neurasthenic female), the problematical and wide- spread existence of the type itself
had become generally accepted by the mid-1880s. For such a weak character, the type had a
fairly healthy life, sustaining public and academic interest throughout the rest of the 19th
century and into the early decades of the 20th, after which the trope went through a series of
minor revivals, particularly in America in the period just prior to WWI and in Britain in the inter-
war period.

Structurally, William is almost a caricature of the British middle-class model of this type. His
comment to Dru in the alley when she vamps him that his mother is waiting for him at home
confirms the typologic basis of his character. Cecily’s comment that William is “beneath her”
also reflects the ways in which this character type was thought to be a special problem of the
middle class. Particularly in Britain, the representation of the middle-class neurasthenic male
was also linked to a critique of the upward class mobility of modernity, in which these men
were seen as inappropriately using middle-class attributes (education, manners, clothing, etc.)
in an attempt to climb the social ladder into the lower rungs of the upper class. Both Cecily’s
dress and the furnishings of her drawing room, in which she rejects William, suggest that she
is from at least a slightly higher class position than his, which reiterates the tropic nature of the
characterization.

Seeing William’s surface characterization as based on this common stereotypic figure helps
make sense of at least two sorts of statements that we have seen Spike make. The first is his
fondness for describing men whom he wants to characterize as emotional or weak as “nancy-
boys,” the perfect descriptor of dear, sweet, slightly pathetic and clearly virginal William
himself. The second is Spike’s assertion to Buffy that Dru had saved him “from a life of
mediocrity,” a pejorative phrase that is an almost-perfect descriptor of the neurasthenic
“condition,” and one that might well have been snidely flung at a young man like William (if he
were real and not a fictional character, that is) as he walked the streets of London in 1880.

Finally, as many posters have noted, we need to consider Spike’s construction of his vampire
identity at a class position lower than William’s original human one. Darla, Angel and Dru all
clearly seek to establish a vamp life-style at a class position higher than or equal to their
human one. However, as far as we know, none of the rest of the “family” has, as a primary
internal psychological legacy from their human self, inherited the need to establish and display
their “virility” in public ways, nor do they seek to do so in situations where weakness would also
be publically and particularly displayed. Spike does, on both counts. He not only loves the
brawl, the riot, going up against unfavorable odds and coming out the winner, but by his own
admission, he needs it. His fighting style includes a large dose of performativity, the acting-out
of being The Big Bad. He is only an efficient killer when he has to be, or when no one
important is looking (e.g., the clerk in the Magic Box, “Lover’s Walk”).

His intention in his public performances of violence, however, is not to toy with his victims; he does not delight in their
pain as Angelus, Dru and Vamp Willow seem to. Spike simply seeks to display his own wit,
power, speed, strength and cleverness, acted out on the bodies of his victims, almost as if they
were his canvass. And he does so in the style of a working- class street-brawler. No fancy
Asian martial arts moves for Spike, no highly-sophisticated elegance, no spouting of verse or
philosophy while fists and fangs fly. Spike dusts a demon and then turns, expectantly, looking
to see who saw his theatrics, who he can brag to.

This need for the public display of strength and masculinity was also the typical 19thC male
response to being categorized as neurasthenic. Literally tens of thousands of middle-class
British and American men began taking boxing and hunting lessons and joined organized
outdoor “sports clubs” to prove they weren’t “part of the problem.” (This is also the era, of
course, of the beginning of the Boy Scouts - which perhaps explains that organization’s history
of homophobia, although not its current practice of this social disease.) Oddly enough, this
concern for public displays of “masculinity,” then, in fact encouraged the broad development of
sites for homo-social organization, behavior and activities. Men best prove that they are men,
after all, only in the presence of other men, not in the company of women.

Spike’s choice for a new persona makes sense, given the trope. Why not move up the social
ladder? It was the upper and middle classes who rejected him as William, just as it was
members of those classes who identified the “problem” of the weak man, and all too often
publically condemned and humiliated its human representatives. Further, we see Spike calling
Angel/Angelus “fop” and “foppish,” words suggesting a critique of the aristocracy as foolishly
effeminate. But while both the aristocratic/upper class and the poor certainly had their own
models of inappropriate male development (coded somewhat differently in Britain than
America), the vigor of the working class was often touted by social commentators as the most
appropriate antidote for the emasculated, over-civilized, over-educated male. This message
was mixed, though. Middle-class men were told to value becoming “hard” like the working
class (as in hard labor, hard physical exercise, hard- decision making skills, hard business
sense), but were simultaneously warned about the “evils” of the lower-class world - drink,
drugs, violence and sex – just the sort of things any sensible vampire would find pretty
exciting. Given all this, becoming the late 19thC equivalent of Sid Vicious was almost
William’s only option. Since vampires signify (at least on one level) arrested development,
perhaps it should come as no surprise that Spike retains William’s typological insecurities and
that they are embodied in his outward persona, as well as in his judgements of and
relationships with other males.

I’ve barely alluded to the sexual identity issues that are linked to the model being discussed,
but the basic outlines are clear and folks can take that wherever they need it to go.... One
thought - since Buffy, as the hero, exhibits a number of significant attributes that have been
traditionally coded as “masculine,” Spike’s relationship with her is clearly multi-valent and
complexly ambiguous. (Of course, this is true whether or not one uses this model to
understand Spike – many, many folks have discussed the nature of this ambiguity...)

I guess the reason that I’ve taken the pains to discuss this historical issue at such length here
is that I think it affects Spike’s motivations, his interior psychological processes, the way he
“came to be” who and what he is. Therefore, by extension, it should affect his actions in the
present and the future, and, hopefully, our understanding of them. Spike’s character clearly
reflects a close familiarity on the part of the writers with the historical type, its representations
in the popular literature of the day, and the contemporary debates over the resonance of this
“problematic” masculinity-type for modern American culture in particular. Spike doesn’t just
*seem* to be someone who is insecure, he *represents* that insecurity in a specifically-coded
way.

Someone else noted on another thread (sorry, I couldn’t find it when I looked again, please
forgive me, whoever this insight originally was from) that Spike takes trophies of his best kills,
his coat being the most obvious, and was at one time fixated on killing Slayers because those
killings gained him a highly-masculinized and highly- sexualized public reputation (at least in
the demon world). All of this fits with a late Victorian man who was rescued from a life of
mediocrity by being made a vampire, and who then re-made himself into a vampire hunter of
vampire-hunters. There’s been a lot of discussion on the board lately about the relationship
between William and Spike, especially post -“that scene” in SR. I have no idea if anyone will
even read a post this long and boring, but if so, I hope it will -- just maybe -- spark a few
thoughts that might add to the general discussion of Spike/William and the show.

Thanks for reading this and sorry once again that it's so long.

a hui hou (until we meet again)
redcat

[> [> [> [> Neat! Plus, a hobbyhorse of mine . . . -- d'Herblay, 06:38:24 05/12/02 Sun

So, Spike is then Teddy Roosevelt, a weedy, bespectacled, bookish boy who grows into bustle and bluster after a diagnosis of neurasthenia, travelling out west to take the air and indulge in a little big-game hunting? I can buy it. In fact, I outright like it. In the romanticization of Spike there has been a tendency to Romanticize him as well; a tendency to latch onto William's posistion as a poet and build him into another sensitive Shelley or Keats. I wonder if William might be viewed better within his context as a Victorian poet, an embracer of blood and sweat and colonialism: a budding Kipling before Drusilla nips him.

In fact, I (basically because I wanted him to flip through Dawn's British Literature textbook and say, "That one's mine") have entertained this fantasy that Spike is really William Ernest Henley. I'm not sure if Henley was ever diagnosed as neurasthenic; his tuberculosis was more obvious. Still, from his infirmary, he did his best to convey his Victorian masculinity:

Life -- life -- let there be life!
Better a thousand times the roaring hours
When wave and wind,
Like the Arch-Murderer in flight
From the Avenger at his heel,
Storms through the desolate fastnesses
And wild waste places of the world!

Life -- give me life until the end,
That at the very top of being,
The battle-spirit shouting in my blood,
Out of the reddest hell of the fight
I may be snatched and flung
Into the everlasting lull,
The immortal, incommunicable dream.
("Space and Dread and the Dark")

Or, "Oh, God! It's been so long since I had a decent spot of violence. Really puts things in perspective."

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Neat! Plus, a hobbyhorse of mine . . . -- redcat, 13:12:43 05/12/02 Sun

William Ernest Henley!! Woo and hoo and woo again!

thanks for your comments. i've also seen the tendency to equate william/spike with the
Romantics of the earlier era, in part perhaps because spike himself seems to demand the
comparison. william's own self-conceptualization would probably seek a blurring of the line
between the Byron/Shelley/Keats image, with its inherent component of the grand gesture and
the public displays of doomed courage, over the reality of the poets' not-so-great neurasthenic
grandsons’ empire building during the late industrial/mid- colonialist era at the end of the
century.

as have many scholars of the period, i see a direct connection between the late victorian
debate over male neurasthenia and, at least in the american case, the drive to war and
conquestive imperialism that resulted in the forceful taking of Hawai'i, Guam and the
Philippines in the Pacific, and Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean at the turn of the
century. the Brits, of course, were at the same time demonstrating their continuing control
over China during the failed Boxer rebellion, during which we see Spike kill his first Slayer.
Joss obviously had a good undergrad education at Welsley and one of the things i appreciate
most about the show is that *most* of the time, ME not only gets the history stuff right, they try
to understand the influence of specific historical issues on the characters they've created.
Spike and the gang are not just some random creations based solely on pop culture
iconographic representations of "the vampire." they are specific vampires, literally "fleshed
out" characters for whom vampirism is but one of a number of important life
experiences/processes that work complexly to provide them with conflicting motivations and
multiply-layered psychological structures -- kind of like the rest of us.

anyway, thanks again for responding. BTW, if you’re interested in this period and haven’t
already read it, a good set of essays is collected in Gail Bederman, _Manliness and
Civilization_, UP Chicago, 1995.

a hui hou,
redcat

[> [> [> [> not boring at all, highly enjoyable actually -- aurelia, 08:51:24 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts on Spike; to SR, but mostly just very long and historically-minded -- Rufus, 14:28:11 05/12/02 Sun

Especially during the last two decades of the 19th century, a cluster of British and American
social and cultural commentators, ranging from clergymen to newspaper editors to educators
and academics in the newly-emerging professions of sexology, psychology and sociology, very
publically heralded a clarion call for public panic about the supposed “softening” of the male
citizens of the two respective nations. They were worried about something generally called
neurasthenia, a condition of “social nervousness” which manifested *in men* as the linked evils
of feminization, over-culturization and bureaucratization. Many commentators blamed these
symptoms on men’s supposed over-civilization by women, others on the creeping cultural
emasculation caused by the social effects of the industrial revolution on the (white) middle
class. A whole generation of Anglo-American men were supposedly afflicted, their cultural
type being represented in popular literature, sermons, editorials and “educational” tracts as the
overly-sensitive, romantic, non-athletic poet of the genteel middle class.
.

When I did my original outline of William I considered what to do with Spike to make him someone you could do the unexpected with. To make him a member of the upperclass was a way out. Spike had been considered "manly" but I could see that characterization was very limiting in possibilities. What originally got me posting on any board was the fact they went with what I had come up with right down to the mother figure appearing strong in his life. This was a smart move because William became a gentle potential of the more sociopathic Spike. To make him a character made up from a character was a smart thing to do. It gave redemptionists something to look to, reference to show that Spike had been once a "good man". The rejection by Cecily was also a great addition because we got to see he was no Angelus in the woman department. It also gave him much in common with Giles who was another character who went below his station to find a persona. No mistake you see the two men on the swingset together.

From the Shooting Script of Fool for Love:

INT. ENGLISH DRAWING ROOM - 1880 - NIGHT

We cut to a high-society drawing room of the late nineteenth century. Young people mingle and politely flirt.

SUBTITLE: LONDON, 1880

We pan across the crowd to find, sitting alone and staring longingly out the window, young WILLIAM. Spike before he was Spike. The biggest sissy imaginable. Chewing thoughtfully on the end of a pen, mumbling...


William was the biggest sissy yet.....I loved it....he was what Giles appeared to be in "Welcome to the Hellmouth", fussy, almost feminine. In season two, Giles proved to be more complicated than everyone assumed by his gentle seeming exterior. In Halloween, we found out that Giles did just what Spike did so many years previously. Giles was the Ripper. The thing with Giles was that with a bad experience with Dark Magic in "The Dark Age" he was capable of growing from that, growing up, becoming an adult. The Ripper got shoved behind spectacles, and a suit, but in Band Candy we got to see the Ripper again when he had his way with Buffy's mom over the hood of the police car. He violent tendancies were very similar to Spikes, as a more adolecent personality he had less experience that tells someone that you don't only use violence to become a man, or to solve all problems.

He looks in her eyes, begging for a chance he feels he's earned. She looks back, sincerely.


CECILY
I do see you.

He holds his breath. Hope! She continues:


CECILY
That's the problem. You're
nothing to me, William.
You're beneath me.

Spike takes this in as she exits. He is quiet, trying to contain his pain

EXT. ENGLISH STREET - 1880 - NIGHT

Without his hat and coat, William tears down the street. Hot tears streak down his face. He rips up his poem as he stalks out the building and down the street, blinded by rage and humiliation.

He BUMPS into a GROUP of three people. A man and two women.


SPIKE
Bloody... watch where
you're going!

He continues down the street, ripping up the paper into smaller and smaller bits.

ANGLE ON: A dark section of street beneath a gas lamp. Spike's overcome with fatigue and humiliation. He rips the paper into smaller and smaller bits until he can rip no more.

And slowly, all the rage drains out of him.

A soothing, understanding voice comes from nowhere:


VOICE
And here I wonder...

Embarrassed, Spike whirls to see who it is.

DRUSILLA. Dressed for the times. Looking at him with total love and understanding.


DRUSILLA
What possible catastrophe came
crashing down from heaven and
brought this dashing stranger...

She reaches out, gingerly wipes the last remaining tear from his face.


DRUSILLA
...To tears?


SPIKE
Nothing. I wish to be alone.


DRUSILLA
You've been alone too long.


SPIKE
What could you possibly know of me?


DRUSILLA
I've seen you. A man surrounded
by fools who cannot see his strength.
His vision. His glory. That, and
burning baby fish swimming all
'round your head.

What? Spike eyes this crazy Victorian chick suspiciously as she steps closer, curiously examining him like a cat eyeing a new breed of mouse. Her lips part...


SPIKE
Th-that's quite close enough.
I've heard tales of London
pickpockets. You'll not get
my purse, I tell you.


DRUSILLA
Don't need a purse.
Your wealth lies here.
(touching his heart)
And here.
(touches his head)
In the spirit and imagination.
You walk in worlds the others
can't begin to imagine.

He's flabbergasted. Hypnotized. How could she know? She steps closer. Her face near his. He's not used to this. He squirms, but can't move.


SPIKE
Yes... I mean, no. I mean -
Mother's expecting me.

She leans closer, whispering in his ear.


DRUSILLA
I see what you want. Something
glowing, and glistening. Something
effulgent. Do you want it?


SPIKE
I - yes! God, yes!

She smiles. VAMP-FACES. And BITES deeps in his neck. Spike rears his head back, new sensations coursing through him. He closes his eyes, feeling ecstasy... then some pain.


SPIKE
Ow. Ow! OW! Ow ow ow ow OW-WOO!

Drusilla keeps feeding, sucking on the young poet's neck, pinning him upright against the post, lit by the single light from above. Draining him, sucking him...


I included the previous exchange because it shows William to be no man of heavy labour. I don't think he was middle class he had to be high enough in station to gain entrance to such a party. His presence there was only because he was in that class, but as a nerd type he was rejected because he was for even that type eccentric.

Spike makes his way into the crowd. The Male Partygoer turns to him.

MALE PARTYGOER
Ah, William. Favor us with your
opinion. What do you make of
this rash of disappearances
sweeping our town? Animals -
or thieves?

All eyes turn to Spike


SPIKE
I prefer not to think of such
dark, ugly business at all.
That's what police are for.


William was not into participating in society, he was more of a solitary type, one who was a bit of an academic snob, in that he wasn't going to get his hands dirty with "ugly business" he clearly "wouldn't" be involved in.

Of course Dru found him and took him to the never-never land of the vampire. No more books, no more having to live up to expectations, he was liberated to become a new man. But that new man came from the mind that had company in the form of the demon influence that took the potential of William changing and becoming more of a Ripper type, to a Ripper who was clearly a monster. I will say again, with age and experience, Giles was able to evolve into the watcher we know now, hiding Ripper, but using some of those strengths when needed. With Spike we perpetually see an adolecent, one that could never understand why he should find a happy medium between shy scholar and tough guy. This is because without a soul, Spike is stuck in that adolecence, still blaming others for his own weakness, still a very big danger to those around him as he is prone to act out without reason. Buffy can't love him because she simply doesn't dare. We saw that alley scene with the woman he talked himself into attacking. That to me was the signal from the writers that the soul was the thing that stood between the monster and the man. I have to wonder what would happen if Spike got a soul back? With his experience of over a hundred years, I doubt he would revert to the ponce we first saw sniffing after something he couldn't have in the form of Cecily. I think that like Giles he would be able to use the strengths of what he had once been as human and demon, leave never never land and become someone Buffy could give a serious look to.

I guess we could take a second look at all those punches to the face as the womans way of civilizing the male.:)

BTW....LOL at the idea that Buffy is a manifestation of masculinity that can make Spike feel manly, thank god she hasn't smashed his orbs..;)....heroes have such a tough job.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- redcat, 19:39:57 05/12/02 Sun

well, rufus, we may have to just respectfully agree to disagree. i can certainly see why you see william as upper class and i think that interpretation is valid, especially given the shooting script directions. some of the points i made earlier about the neurasthenic trope may still work within that perspective, though.

however, in re-thinking the crucial set of scenes in FFL, i still see william as somewhat outside the "high society" social order, and not just because he is a poet or sensitive or a geek. i look at his clothes and manners in relation to the others in the drawing room, cecily's statement to him, the way the visual, textual and structural cues reflect the neurasthenic model so perfectly, and i wind up saying - yep, once again ME has created ambiguity rather than certainty, leaving important factors like william's class position open to debate. so, as has been mentioned on more than one occasion, such events only confirm the truth that Joss is both God and evil.....

BTW, i always enjoy your posts, even the ones i don't completely agree with, so thanks for the great insights across a number of topics and threads. -- rc

[> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Rufus, 20:28:52 05/12/02 Sun

in re-thinking the crucial set of scenes in FFL, i still see william as somewhat outside the "high society" social order, and not just because he is a poet or sensitive or a geek. i look at his clothes and manners in relation to the others in the drawing room, cecily's statement to him, the way the visual, textual and structural cues reflect the neurasthenic model so perfectly, and i wind up saying - yep, once again ME has created ambiguity rather than certainty, leaving important factors like william's class position open to debate

I agree it is open to interpretation, the clothing could easiliy explained as either lack of income, or just lack of style or freedom to express style. I did agree he did reflect the neurasthenic model, but he could be in a higher income and be neurasthenic. I see him as upper middle class, not anything like aristocracy, look to how he treated the butler. He asked a question one wouldn't think of to ask a servant, so is that inexperience in the drawing room, or is he so removed from everyone else because of his introverted leanings. One thing that bugged me, if his mother was expecting him....if he was ready to chuck it all to travel with Drusilla(I doubt he understood he was going to die to start that journey), could he possibly know his mother was well taken care of, or was he a selfish uncaring person?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- anom, 22:19:55 05/12/02 Sun

"One thing that bugged me, if his mother was expecting him....if he was ready to chuck it all to travel with Drusilla(I doubt he understood he was going to die to start that journey), could he possibly know his mother was well taken care of, or was he a selfish uncaring person?"

I doubt he was thinking in terms of traveling in the 1st place--just that she was offering something intangible (he thought) that he really wanted deep down & never thought he could have. I don't see any basis to believe he thought he'd be leaving his mother.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Rufus, 00:19:41 05/13/02 Mon

I wasn't thinking about the 5 minute trip he thought he was taking....from Fool for Love

What? Spike eyes this crazy Victorian chick suspiciously as she steps closer, curiously examining him like a cat eyeing a new breed of mouse. Her lips part...


SPIKE
Th-that's quite close enough.
I've heard tales of London
pickpockets. You'll not get
my purse, I tell you.


DRUSILLA
Don't need a purse.
Your wealth lies here.
(touching his heart)
And here.
(touches his head)
In the spirit and imagination.
You walk in worlds the others
can't begin to imagine.

He's flabbergasted. Hypnotized. How could she know? She steps closer. Her face near his. He's not used to this. He squirms, but can't move.


SPIKE
Yes... I mean, no. I mean -
Mother's expecting me.

She leans closer, whispering in his ear.


DRUSILLA
I see what you want. Something
glowing, and glistening. Something
effulgent. Do you want it?


SPIKE
I - yes! God, yes!

She smiles. VAMP-FACES. And BITES deeps in his neck. Spike rears his head back, new sensations coursing through him. He closes his eyes, feeling ecstasy... then some pain.


SPIKE
Ow. Ow! OW! Ow ow ow ow OW-WOO!

Drusilla keeps feeding, sucking on the young poet's neck, pinning him upright against the post, lit by the single light from above. Draining him, sucking him...


Even as a soulless evil, vampire, he seemed to respect a mother figure, strangers are one thing, but his real mother is something else. I got the impression that he had no worries about her well being before he left forever with Dru and the family. I didn't feel he went back and killed his mother like Angelus killed his father. If his mother wasn't of high station, a son who could take care of her would be as good as killing her if he left her alone, so I thought somehow that he didn't have to fear for her well-being, be it food or lodging.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> what wasn't clear... -- anom, 11:19:10 05/13/02 Mon

...was your use of "travel":

"...if he was ready to chuck it all to travel with Drusilla...."

I didn't think William had any idea he'd be leaving his mother, either to "travel" long-term or by dying. And if "the 5-minute trip" means sex w/Dru, ...well, maybe one of the board's experts on the Victorian era can tell us if its poets would expect "effulgence" from a quick, or even not so quick, roll w/a stranger. I don't see any evidence in that scene that when William said, "yes! God, yes!" to Dru, he thought he'd never see his mother again & might be leaving her w/no means of support, only that he'd be late. And maybe not even that--he probably would have stayed longer at the party if Cecily hadn't rebuffed him, so "Mother's expecting me" might have been just an excuse.

What did he think he was saying yes to? Maybe someone who could understand the worlds he walked in, his search for effulgence...someone with whom he could transcend his mundane, "mediocre" existence. Well, he did, just not in any way he might have expected.

"Even as a soulless evil, vampire, he seemed to respect a mother figure...."

Hmm. Certainly he had a soft spot for Joyce. But I don't know if we can extend that individual case to a general respect for mothers. Did you have any additional instances in mind?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: what wasn't clear... -- Rufus, 14:36:12 05/13/02 Mon

Nope, for the instances with mothers, it was only an observation, I would have provided an exact quote if I could remember one. I think the only thing William knew at the point he died was that something was going to happen, I don't think he even knew what that was. I used the word "travel" with tongue in cheek, I should have made that clear.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Ronia, 21:42:40 05/12/02 Sun

O.K. I do not posses at this hour, desire to back myself up as historically acurate, so I'm just gonna offer up a possibility that occurred to me reading these last few posts...couldn't William be both? It is interesting to me also that he mentions only his mother, and that he is an invited guest at the party, and that he doesn't seem to have a trade...so I was wondering if perhaps his mother is widowed, therefore, leaving him formerly of their class, but now somewhat beneath it due to his financial situation. I noticed as well that he was not "quite" as nicely dressed as the others, and wondered if this could be part of the culprit for his dandification...

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Malandanza, 10:32:18 05/13/02 Mon

...couldn't William be both?

I believe William was both as well, although I come at it from a different perspective. Granted, my view is most likely not historically sound, since it is based on Jane Austen novels (which predate William), but Joss is a JA fan and often doesn't worry about historical accuracy when he has a story to tell.

I see William's family as being thoroughly middle class, but with a father who made money in some trade (unworthy of the aristocracy) like the up and coming families in JA's novels. They are treated with disdain by the old landed gentry. This prejudice against new money is best seen in Emma when Augusta Hawkins becomes engaged to Mr. Elton:

What she was, must be uncertain; but who she was, might be found out; and setting aside the 10,000 pounds it did not appear that she was all Harriet's superior. She brought no name, no blood, no alliance. Miss Hawkins was the youngest daughter of a Bristol--Merchant, of course, he must be called; but, as the whole of the profits of his mercantile life appeared so very moderate, it was not unfair to guess the dignity of his line of trade had been very moderate also. Part of every winter she used to spend in Bath; but Bristol was her home, the very heart of Bristol; for though the mother and father had died some years ago, and uncle remained -- in the law line: nothing more distinctly honourable was hazarded of him, than he was in the law line; and with him the daughter had lived. Emma guessed him to be some drudge of an attorney, and too stupid to rise. And all the grandeur of the connection seemed dependent on the elder sister, who was very well married, to a gentleman in a great way, near Bristol, who kept two carriages! That was the wind-up of the history; that was the glory of Miss Hawkins.

So I see William in much the same way -- his father made money through hard work and either his father or (more likely) his mother wanted to see William become a gentleman. But While William's money may buy him admittance into the upper class, it cannot buy him acceptance. He is Jonathan trying out for the swim team. He does not belong and his actions and mannerisms reveal this. Like Miss Hawkins, he has "no name, no blood, no alliance" -- just money.

And money has always been important to Spike -- there's not much he wouldn't do for a few dollars. Even when William is accosted by Dru, William's pocket book is what concerns him.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Ronia, 11:29:45 05/13/02 Mon

wow...I was thinking of JA when I wrote that...the only reason that I came to the conclusion that he was previously of their class and not working towards it are as follows...he was not dressed as nicely as the others, if I had come into money and was trying to fit into a different class system, I can't imagine not dressing the part.....his mannerisms and speech are entirely genteel, not something that you learn as an adult but are almost bred in..life Is this way and so on....He doesn't seem to have a trade, or even to know anything about the trades of others, I can't imagine the child of a nonwealthy parentage who has worked to acheive wealth enough to admit them into another class systems private party would be that ignorant....and lastly, he was addressed very informally, which was not common at the time and so it is unlikely that he is a new aquaitance (sp?)

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> requested spelling -- anom, 23:10:00 05/13/02 Mon

"...a new aquaitance (sp?)"

Close--since you ask, it's "acquaintance."

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: requested spelling -- Ronia thanks, knew that didn't look quite right, 09:29:33 05/14/02 Tue


[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Rufus's thoughts -- Rufus, 16:21:30 05/13/02 Mon

Great Mal, now you will have people thinking of Spike in a Speedo.....I know they didn't have them in Victorian times, but who wants to be exact?

When I looked over William, I thought he had an absent father, I don't know why I got that vibe but I did. Absent or dead, and in those times the father could have been in India. When it comes to money, I thought that with his bookish looks he may be well educated which I thought back then would have cost money.....most of all I see him as a Victorian Giles.

[> [> [> [> weary of boredom, but gobbled up every word! I look forward to more - I know nothing of this subject -- yuri, 00:39:57 05/13/02 Mon


[> [> [> a quick question -- abt, 06:44:15 05/12/02 Sun

What do you think lies behind Spike's tendency to comfort crying women?

[> [> [> Re: Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- clg0107, 13:49:11 05/14/02 Tue

>> I think he had a bad life in that he was rejected by all of those in his class, doomed to a solitary life,

Actually, William wasn't of the class that he was hanging onto, and to which Cecily did belong. She makes that plain -- she could/would ever consider him courting her because he was not of the class to marry her. And that was probably part of William's worship of her -- in his heart of hearts, he knew her to be unattainable. It didn't hurt any less to have it said to his face when he got so wrapped up in his emotions that he declared himeslf. But he was of the society and knew it's rules.

As to his name following him, he now has pretentions to humanity -- he effects mannerisms like eating that are unnecessary to him as a vamp, but that he likes; and he frequently refers to himself as "a man". And the few times when Buffy has referred to him as William, it has been as a recognition of sorts of that. In AYW, it's definately as a sign of respect for the vestiges of the man in Spike that she calls him William -- kind of a sign that she recognizes that his feelings have some worth. It was how he realized that she really meant it this time.

All in the FWIW category!

~clg0107

[> Re: Spike and Darla parallel (Spoilers up to Seeing Red) -- Malandanza, 05:44:46 05/12/02 Sun

I would add that Angel also tried to go back to his murdering ways after his ensoulment. He tracked Darla down and tried to get the "whirlwind" back.

Having said that, I think there is a big difference between a soulless vampire and either human Darla or souled Angel. Remember, all it took was one drink of blood to erase all of Darla's moral qualms and angst. Suddenly she was back and as bad as ever. Similarly, when Angel lost his soul, Angelus was back in full force -- a century of memories where he had been wracked with guilt had no effect on him -- one sip of blood and he was back.

My guess is that if Spike gets his chip out, his first victim will erase all the "progress" he has made since the Initiative boys castrated him.

[> Is this what you and Dochawk were chatting about the other night? Great post, agent! :-) -- OnM, 21:29:55 05/12/02 Sun

Very well reasoned and written, and these were some insights that hadn't occurred to me.

Nice work!


Nemesis - Willow and Warren -- Ixchel, 21:03:48 05/11/02 Sat

Warren to Buffy: We're your arch-nemesises...nemeses. (Gone)

It seems some people have expressed the opinion that Tara's death is Willow's punishment for her resurrection of Buffy. If the Buffyverse is a world of harsh gods (the PtB?), who punish with the discernment of a venegeance demon, then this would be appropriate.

From www.pantheon.org:

"In Greek mythology, Nemesis is the goddess of divine justice and vengeance. Her anger is directed toward human transgression of the natural, right order of things and of the arrogance causing it. Nemesis pursues the insolent and the wicked with inflexible vengeance."

Is Warren the instrument of Nemesis exacting the gods' retribution on Willow for violation of natural law (resurrecting Buffy)? This idea is congruent with the Greek idea of the PtB. Tara herself becomes (cruelly, unjustly) irrelevant, just a means of punishing Willow's hubris.

OTOH, Tara's death could be the seeming cruelty of an indifferent and random Buffyverse's cosmic balance adjustment?

Ixchel

[> Re: Nemesis - Willow and Warren (SPOILERS for Seeing Red) -- Robert, 21:38:56 05/11/02 Sat

Ixchel, you should label your posting as a spoiler.

>> "OTOH, Tara's death could be the seeming cruelty of an indifferent and random Buffyverse's cosmic balance adjustment?"

I actually prefer this interpretation, partly because I don't believe the BtVS universe includes the powers-that-be, as a force taking an active hand in the day-to-day operation of the universe(s).

>> "Tara herself becomes (cruelly, unjustly) irrelevant, just a means of punishing Willow's hubris."

Tara is not irrelevant. Being the instrument of righteous punishment (and poetic justice) is certainly not irrelevant. Beyond that, please recall that Tara is not wholy innocent of Buffy's resurrection. She may not bear blood on her hands as Willow does, but she did knowingly participate in the darkest magic. The other two participants (Xander and Anya) appear to have received their punishments as well.

Who received the greater punishment, Tara or Willow? If Willow comes to understand that her actions were the antecedent to Tara's death, then maybe Willow's punishment will be the greater.

[> Spoilers for Seeing Red in my above post. -- Ixchel, 22:45:25 05/11/02 Sat


[> On the side of Revenge (good spotting !) -- Etrangere, 08:27:51 05/12/02 Sun

We've got Warren, and the trio, self named Nemesis, yes, but also because his main intention is to "get back" at everyone who made him suffer. From Katrina to Buffy, passing by the guy that humiliated him when he was in high school, Warren is all about vengeance.
In OAFA, Halfrek claimed that vengeance was the same thing as justice. But if this season teach us anything it's that this is wrong. Anya learned that, contrary to Halfrek, she's not interrested anymore into fulfilling wishes, because she realised that vengeance caused only more pain to everyone.
Tara however was a symbole of forgiveness, not blind forgiveness, for she would not let herself be abused by Willow's use of magic, but she got back with her when her mind safety was safe anew with Willow.And just when she did that she was a victim from vengeance's blindness.

Before the end of the season, Buffy, Willow and Xander will have to make a choice between (or somewhere in between) vengeance and forgiveness and wonder what justice really mean.

[> [> Re: On the side of Revenge (good spotting !) SPOILERS for Entropy and SR -- manwitch, 10:42:46 05/12/02 Sun

When I see Tara come to Willow's room at the end of entropy I sense a sadness that seems almost comparable to Christ going to the cross. There is a quality of, "here it is folks, time to take it all the way to the conclusion."

Tara seems to be the willing sacrifice, come back to Willow for I don't know what reason. To give her the chance to work without the net? As a final lesson in compassion by allowing Willow to suffer the loss of Tara herself?

And what about the blood? Willow is splattered with Tara's blood, while Buffy, shot at the same moment and exhibiting nearly the same wound as Tara, bleeds out. Shadowkat has argued for Tara as a "mother" figure. Blood of the Mother? The final ingredient? Dried on Willow's hands?

I don't see Tara as simply a tool. She's far too powerful for that. Not demon witchy power like Willow has, but compasionate bodhisattva power.

No, I don't have a point. Just some thoughts.

[> [> [> Sacrificing Dawn was sacrificing Innocence - Is sacrificing Tara sacrificing Experience ? -- Ete, 13:56:22 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> [> Uhh, Ete? Spoiler in your subject line! -- OnM, 21:14:54 05/12/02 Sun


[> [> [> [> [> Arrrrg, sorry ! muchos apologies. When is an episode not spoiler anymore ? -- Etrangere, 03:42:50 05/13/02 Mon


[> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Arrrrg, sorry ! muchos apologies. When is an episode not spoiler anymore ? -- LittleBit, 05:59:14 05/13/02 Mon

Australia is only up to Gone, if that is any help.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> *** Spoiler Policy *** -- Masquerad3, 10:33:01 05/13/02 Mon

The official policy here about marking spoilers is that we put up spoiler warnings at least a week after the episode has been shown in North America. That is because not everyone sees it on Tuesday. Trying to not spoil other countries that are behind by months (UK, Australia) would be a full-time job.

That said, spoilers in subject lines that give away major plot points should be avoided in general just out of common courtesy. This is almost impossible to enforce, but I've started deleting posts that give away future spoilers (not yet aired in N. America) in the subject line.

And as Rob has recently reminded folks, it's also a good thing to say which episode a spoiler is for. This should be MANDATORY if it's an episode not yet aired in N. America.

Questions? Comments?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: *** Spoiler Policy *** -- Sophist, 13:12:29 05/13/02 Mon

Some posters are skirting the spoiler policy by comments such as "this is speculation" or "ME is going in this direction". When such comments are made by someone known to be spoiled, I think a spoiler warning is appropriate. Speculation is fine, but only if the person is really speculating.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> There used to be a thing called "Spoiler Speculations". Should be re-emphasized! -- Masq, 13:22:01 05/13/02 Mon



Spike, Willow, spoilers to Seeing Red -- abt, 06:36:51 05/12/02 Sun

How do you compare Willow's violation of Tara, and Spike's attempted violation of Buffy?

Neither of them did it to hurt their loved one, they both thought they were going to make things nice and happy, but by the method of force.

In Willow's defence, she didn't hear Tara's voice saying 'No, stop, please' like Spike did, but then again, Willow went ahead and did it a second time in Tabula Rasa, even though she knew Tara didn't want it.

[> Re: Spike, Willow, spoilers to Seeing Red -- Sloan Parker, 07:02:07 05/12/02 Sun

Here for angel and buffy scripts and for a free DVD contest! Bloody cool!

[> [> Re: Spike, Willow, spoilers to Seeing Red -- SM, 09:01:48 05/12/02 Sun

Rape, and "Jack Rolling" (gang rape) is a national disgrace in my country. It is all about power, and hatred for the "victim" or "survivor" of the violation, usually but not, always a woman. It is nothing to do with "sex". The age of the victim, here, can often be counted in months, not years, as sex with a virgin is thought to be a "cure" for AIDS. Rape can never be acceptable or excused. I am dismayed at the writer having included such a scene. BtVS is aired here at 5pm to a mostly children's viewership.

[> [> [> Good grief! -- vh, 06:55:07 05/13/02 Mon


[> [> [> Re: Spike, Willow, spoilers to Seeing Red -- maddog, 10:26:14 05/13/02 Mon

ok, first off, they write these with the US time slots in mind(8pm). If the channel that shows Buffy in your country didn't preview it and decide to put it on at a later time then it's their fault. Don't blame the writers...they didn't make that decision.


Trust and Love and Passion/SPOILERS at end for next week's preview -- alcibiades, 09:59:21 05/12/02 Sun

Buffy shut down with Riley after the Faith body switch and the fact that Riley did